Technical specification

VES 1.2 specification

The public data model for preserving and assessing a consequential decision-state. Normative key words indicate requirements for the stated VES profile.

Current publicationVES 1.2Published:

Current, published and citable. VES 1.1 is superseded.

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This specification is implementation-neutral. It defines the public exchange surface, not proprietary capture, scoring, reconciliation or authority-resolution methods.

1. VES Decision Envelope

A VES Decision Envelope MUST identify one consequential organisational commitment and bind the evidence relevant to understanding it at a declared point in time.

01

Decision identity

The decision type, opaque subject reference, outcome and execution time.

02

Decision context

The material facts and source evidence considered in relation to the decision, with their declared relationship—for example, available, relied upon, excluded or superseded.

03

Governing conditions

The policy, wording, rules, requirements or instructions applicable at the time.

04

Business authority

The role, delegated authority, limits and approval state at execution.

05

System contribution

Rules, models, workflows or external systems that materially influenced the decision.

06

Human judgement

Review, intervention, approval, override or rationale where applicable.

07

Commitment

The organisational outcome, including financial, contractual or customer consequence.

08

Evidence integrity

References, hashes, signatures and declared provenance for Evidence Objects, where available.

09

Verification

The profile used, checks performed, result status and visible limitations.

Required top-level fields

FieldTypeSemantics
ves_versionstringPinned standard version.
decision_idUUIDOpaque decision identifier.
decision_typestringNamespaced decision classification.
decision_timestampdate-timeOrganisational commitment time.
decision_subjectobjectOpaque reference; no personal data required.
outcomeobjectDeclared outcome and commitment.
profilestringProfile against which the package is assessed.
evidencearrayWrapped native Evidence Objects.
verificationobjectDeclared checks, status and limitations.
extensionsobjectNamespaced implementation extensions.

2. External Evidence Object

Each input is wrapped with sufficient information to understand what it is, where it came from, when it applies, how integrity may be checked, and how it relates to the decision. The wrapper does not replace or reinterpret the native evidence format.

Runtime-control receipts, model-gateway logs, signed action records and policy-enforcement records may form part of a VES Decision Envelope. They do not, by themselves, establish the full business decision-state unless linked to applicable evidence, business authority, human judgement and organisational commitment.

Governance evidence may be represented as an Evidence Object, but it does not by itself establish the basis of a specific consequential decision.

{
  "evidence_id": "018f0d4e-7b3a-7c11-a75f-3d13ec33a001",
  "type": "runtime_receipt",
  "source": { "system": "example-workflow", "standard": "external.runtime.receipt", "standard_version": "1.1", "issuer": "issuer.example" },
  "captured_at": "2026-09-18T10:15:30Z",
  "applicability": { "from": "2026-09-18T00:00:00Z", "to": null },
  "integrity": { "algorithm": "sha-256", "digest": "sha256:REDACTED" },
  "decision_relation": "produced_by",
  "limitations": ["Does not establish business authority"]
}

3. Decision-evidence semantics

A conforming profile MUST preserve or explicitly qualify the decision relationships needed for later review. The public exchange surface makes the following semantics visible without prescribing proprietary capture or scoring methods.

SemanticPublic representation
Business authority at executionRole, delegated authority, limits and approval state applicable when the organisation committed.
Evidence relationshipAvailable, relied upon, excluded or superseded, alongside other declared decision relations.
Governing conditionsPolicy, wording, rules, requirements or instructions in force at the decision time.
Human judgementReview, override, approval, intervention or rationale where applicable.
System contributionRules, models, workflows and external systems that materially influenced the decision.
Organisational commitmentThe outcome and any financial, contractual or customer consequence.
Reconstruction gapKnown difference between the decision-state available at execution and what the submitted package can later establish.
Replay pathReferences and retained artefacts needed to review the declared decision-state later.
Verification limitationsFacts not established, evidence not retrieved and boundaries of the assessment.
VES version appliedThe pinned VES version and profile used to structure and assess the package.

4. Verification dimensions

01

Source conformance

Conformance to the object’s declared source format or profile.

02

Integrity and provenance

Whether the object is intact and attributable to its declared issuer or source.

03

Temporal applicability

Whether validity and point-in-time applicability are declared for the decision.

04

Business authority

Whether the package evidences the authority asserted at execution.

05

Structural completeness

Whether required evidence classes are present for the selected VES profile.

06

Replayability

Whether sufficient references and artefacts are retained for later review.

5. Result statuses

Statuses assess a submitted package against its stated profile. They are not ratings of an insurer, product, person, vendor or decision outcome.

Verified

Verified

All required checks for the stated profile passed.

Qualified

Qualified

The package is useful and intact, but declared limitations or non-required gaps apply.

Incomplete

Incomplete

One or more required evidence classes are absent.

Indeterminate

Indeterminate

Verification could not establish a required fact.

Failed

Failed

An integrity or conformance check failed.

6. Versioning and extensions

Implementations MUST pin the applicable VES version. Extension keys MUST use a controlled namespace such as org.example.claims. Extensions MUST NOT alter the meaning of normative VES fields or be required to interpret the base envelope.